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On
this website, much attention is given to the two biblical
chronologies which are included in the Epistle to Henry II and
the creation years which result from the Preface to Cesar, the
Epistle to Henry II and a number of Almanachs.
In the article you just
opened, the second biblical chronology is discussed. This article
replaces the one which was written on June 19, 2003 and to which
material was added on February 22, 2004.
Other
articles in which the biblical chronologies and the creation
years are discussed:
|
Features
of the second biblical chronology
The second biblical
chronology precedes a series of predictions which run from 1606 to 1792.
Next comes a series of predictions which runs from 1792
to the (undated) beginning of the seventh millennium. Closing, there is
an (undated) series of predictions, which beginning seems to go back to
the persecution of the Church, predicted for 1606, and of which the end
converges with the (undated) end of the biblical Kingdom of 1000 years,
without a reference to the seventh millennium. By means of biblical
persons and events, the second biblical chronology describes the period
between the creation of the world and the birth of Jesus.
According to the Epistle to Henry II, the second biblical chronology is
based upon the Bible and (in the case of the period Temple - Jesus) the
calculations of Bible scholars. This chronology begins with the creation
of the world and ends with the birth of Jesus. The period which follows
this birth of not calculated, because of "the diversity of
sects".
It is discussed at the beginning of the second biblical
chronology if throughout the Bible solar years were applied, lunar years
or lunisolar years. The closing remark was the assumption that solar
years were applied.
A solar year lasts 365,25 days, a lunar year lasts 354 days. In the
various kinds of lunisolar years, various methods are applied in order
to link the lunar year to the solar year.
Table 1.
Second biblical chronology
(Epistle to Henry II)
|
Period |
Years |
|
Creation
- Noah |
1506 |
|
Noah
- Ark |
600 |
|
Deluge
(rounded) |
1 |
|
End
of Deluge
- Abraham |
295 |
|
Abraham -
Isaac |
100 |
|
Isaac
-
Jacob
|
60 |
|
Egypt
-
Exodus
|
130 |
Egypt
- Exodus |
430 |
|
Exodus
- Temple |
480 |
|
Temple
- Jesus |
490 |
|
Total
(calculated and
rounded) |
4092 |
|
Given
total (rounded) |
±
4174 |
Printer's
errors and deviations
In the
second biblical chronology, it reads that the length of the periods is
borrowed from the Bible, except for the length of the period Temple -
Jesus, which is borrowed from scholar's calculations. In the upon which
Nostradamus, astrology and the Bible is
founded, the time spans of these periods were compared with relevant
time data in the Roman-catholic Dutch Willibrord translation of
the Bible (1978). Calculations by means of time data in the Bible can
also be found in Eusebius' Chronicorum.[1]
a.
The period
Creation - Noah
…comptans
les ans depuis la creation du monde, jusques à la naissance de Noë,
sont passez mil cinq cens et six ans…
The
time span of 1506 years is verified with time data in Genesis 5
regarding the age of the Patriarchs at the time they fathered their
oldest son.
According to Genesis
1,31, Adam was created at the sixth day of the creation process. In the
second biblical chronology, these days are not included.
According to the time
data in Genesis 5, the period Creation - Noah did not last 1506 years,
but 1056 years. In this part of the chronology, the numerals mil cinq cens et six
are printed (1506), not the
numerals mil cinquante
et six (1056). The numerals cinq cens seem to be
the result of a printer's error.[2]
Brind'Amour (Nostradamus
astrophile, 1993a)
and
Wöllner (Das Mysterium des Nostradamus, 1926) also observed this.[3]
Table 2.
Period Adam
- Noah
(Van Berkel, 2005)Table 2.
Period Adam
- Noah
(Van Berkel, 2005)
|
Genesis |
Patriarchs
|
Years |
|
Genesis 5,3 |
Adam - Seth |
130 |
|
Genesis 5,6 |
Seth - Enos |
105 |
|
Genesis 5,9 |
Enos - Kenan |
90 |
|
Genesis 5,12 |
Kenan - Mahalalel |
70 |
|
Genesis 5,15 |
Mahalalel - Jered |
65 |
|
Genesis 5,18 |
Jered - Henoch |
162 |
|
Genesis 5,21 |
Henoch - Metusalach |
65 |
|
Genesis 5,25 |
Metusalach - Lamech |
187 |
|
Genesis 5,28 |
Lamech - Noah |
182 |
|
Total |
1056 |
b. The
period Noah - Ark and the Deluge
…depuis la naissance de
Noë iusques à la parfaicte fabrication de l’arche, approchent de
l’universelle inondation passerent six cens ans…
…et à la fin d’iceux six cens ans Noë entra dans l’arche pour
estre sauvé du deluge, & fut iceluy deluge universel sus la terre,
& dura un an et deux mois…
In the
second biblical chronology, it reads that there were 600 years between
Noah's birth and the completion of the building of the Ark. In Genesis
7,6, a time span of 600 years is given. From the preceding and following
verses, it can be derived that this time span can be related to the
period between Noah's birth and the completion of the building of the
Ark.
The time
data in the Bible are not always suitable for the compilation of a
precise chronology of persons and events. Sometimes, time data in one
bible verse are in conflict with time data in another bible verse.
Sometimes, a time date can be explained in several ways.
The age of Noah at the time of the outbreak of the Deluge is an example
of the confusion, caused by conflicting time data. According to Genesis
7,6, Noah was 600 years old at the time of the outbreak of the Deluge.
According to Genesis 7,11, the Deluge began in Noah's 600th year of
life, which means that he was 599 years old at the time of the outbreak.
In Genesis 8,13, it reads that the Deluge came to an end in the 601st
year of. This points to an age of 600 years. In Genesis 9,28-29, it
reads that after the Deluge, Noah lived 350 years more and died at the
age of 950. The words "after the Deluge" mean: "after the
end of the Deluge". If these words are explained as "after the
beginning of the Deluge", there is an arithmetic correspondence
with Genesis 7,6.
In Genesis 11,10, it reads that Sem, Noah's son, fathered Arpaksad at
the age of 100, two years after the Deluge. In Genesis 5,32, however, it
reads that at the time of fathering Sem, Noah's age was 500 years, which
means that by the time the Deluge began, Sem was already 100 years old.
Basing myself upon Genesis 5,32 and 7,6, I assume that the age of Noah
at the time of the outbreak of the Deluge was 600 years.
c.
The period End Deluge -
Abraham
…et
depuis la fin du deluge iusques à la nativité d’Abraham, passa le
nombre des ans de deux cens nonante cinq…
The
time span of the period End Deluge - Abraham which can be derived from
Genesis 11, is 292 years, three years less than the time span of 295
years, mentioned in the second biblical chronology.
Regarding the fathering of Arpaksad, the time data in Genesis contain a
calculation error. In Genesis 11,10, it reads that Sem was 100 years old
when he fathered Arpaksad, followed by the remark: "two years after
the flood". According to Genesis 5,32, Noah was 500 years old when
he fathered Sem. A hundred years later, the Deluge began, which means
that at the time of its outbreak, Sem was already 100 years old.
Therefore, the words "two years after the flood" must be
interpreted as "two years after the end of the Deluge", which
lasted 1 year and 10 days, according to Genesis 7,11 and 8,13-14.
Table
3. Period End Deluge - Abraham
(Van Berkel, 2005)
|
Genesis |
Period |
Years |
|
Genesis 11,10 |
End
Deluge - Arpaksad |
2 |
|
Genesis 11,13 |
Arpaksad - Selach |
35 |
|
Genesis 11,14 |
Selach - Eber |
30 |
|
Genesis 11,16 |
Eber - Peleg |
34 |
|
Genesis 11,18 |
Peleg - Reü |
30 |
|
Genesis 11,20 |
Reü - Serug |
32 |
|
Genesis 11,22 |
Serug - Nachor |
30 |
|
Genesis 11,24 |
Nachor - Terach |
29 |
|
Genesis 11,26 |
Terach - Abraham |
70 |
|
Total |
292 |
d. The
period Abraham -
Isaac - Jacob
…et depuis la nativité
d’Abraham iusques à la nativité d’Isaac, passerent cent ans. Et
depuis Isaac iusques à Iacob, soixante ans…
These
time data of the second biblical chronology correspond with Genesis
21,5, in which it reads that Abraham's age was 100 years at the time of
fathering Isaac, and Genesis 25,26, in which it reads that Isaac's age
at the time of fathering Jacob was 60 years.
e. The
period Jacob -
Egypt - Exodus
…des l’heure qu’il
entra dans Egypte, iusques en l’yssue d’iceluy passerent cent trente
ans. Et depuis l’entrée de Iacob en Egypte iusques à l’yssue
d’iceluy passerent quatre cens trente ans…
The
figures in this part of the second biblical chronology correspond with
the figures, mentioned in Genesis 47,9 and Exodus 12,40. However,
Genesis 47,9 is quoted incorrect, whereas the quotation of Exodus 12,40
is correct. In Genesis 47,9, it reads that Jacob was 130 years old when
he arrived in Egypt. In Exodus 12,40, it reads that the Israelites
started the Exodus after 430 years of living in Egypt. Brind'Amour and
Wöllner also observed the incorrect quotation of Genesis 47,9.[4]
f.
The period Exodus
- Temple
…Et depuis l’yssue
d’Egypte iusques à la edification du temple saicte par Salomon au
quatrieme an de son regne, passerent quatre cens octante ou quatre vingt
ans…
This
part of the second biblical chronology is an almost litteral quotation
of 1 Kings 6,1. In this verse, it reads that in the 480th year after the
Exodus, in the 4th year of reign of king Salomo, in the 2nd month, the
building of the Temple began. In 1 Kings 6,38, it reads that the
building was finished in the 8th month in the 11th year of reign of
Salomo. In the second biblical chronology, however, no allusion is made
to the time data, mentioned in 1 Kings 6,38.[5]
g. The
period Temple - Jesus
…Et depuis l’edification du temple
iusques à Iesus Christ selon la supputation des hierographes passerent
quatre cens nonante ans…
The
period Temple - Jesus is the only period in the second biblical
chronology which contains a reference to scholars instead of to the
Bible itself. This seems to be caused by a lack of time data regarding
the period Completion rebuilding Temple - Birth of Jesus. The Bible
books 1 Kings and 2 Kings contain time data regarding the length of the
periods of reign of the Judean kings. In 2 Chronicles, time data can be
found regarding the time span of the Babylonian exile. The book Ezra
contains time data regarding the start of the rebuilding of the Temple
after the end of the Babylonian exile and the number of years which were
necessary to finish the rebuilding.
In 1 Kings
11,42, it reads that the kingship of Salomo lasted 40 years. The period
Exodus - Temple was calculated from the Exodus to the 4th year of reign
of Salomo. Therefore, in the next table, the time span of Salomo's
kingship is 36 years, counting from the year in which the building of
the Temple began.
The
kingship of Achazja lasted 1 year. When he was murdered, his wife
Atalya took over the reign while Joas, his son, went into
hiding. His kingship lasted 40 years. Therefore, the period of hiding
should also be included.
The kingship of Joachaz lasted 3 months.
According to 2 Kings 24,8 in the 1978 Willibrord
translation, the kingship of Jojakin lasted three years. This turned out
to be a
printer's error. According to subsequent editions of the Willibrord
translation, which at this point correspond with e.g. the 1951-NBG
translation, Jojakin's kingship lasted three months.
Between the beginning of the building of the Temple in the fourth year
of reign of Salomo and the beginning of its rebuilding, there are,
according to the Old Testament, 501 years. Between the beginning of the
building of the Temple in the fourth year of reign of Salomo and the
completion of its rebuilding, there are, according to the Old Testament,
505 years. In the Old Testament, there are no time data available by
which the number of years can be calculated which are between the
completion of the rebuilding of the Temple and the birth of Jesus.
Table
4. Period Kingship Salomo (from the start of building the Temple) -
completion of its rebuilding
(Van Berkel, 2005)
|
Bible |
Period |
Years |
|
1
Kings 11,42 |
Kingship
Salomo from the start of building the Temple |
36 |
|
1
Kings 14,21 |
Kingship
Rechabeam |
17 |
|
1
Kings 15,2 |
Kingship
Abia |
3 |
|
1
Kings 15,10 |
Kingship
Asa |
41 |
|
1
Kings 22,42 |
Kingship
Josafat |
25 |
|
2
Kings 8,17 |
Kingship
Jorat |
8 |
|
2
Kings 8,26 |
Kingship
Achazja |
1 |
|
2
Kings 11,3 |
Joas
into hiding |
6 |
|
2
Kings 12,2 |
Kingship
Joas |
40 |
|
2
Kings 14,2 |
Kingship
Amasja |
29 |
|
2
Kings 15,2 |
Kingship
Azarja |
52 |
|
2
Kings 15,32 |
Kingship
Jotam |
16 |
|
2
Kings 16,2 |
Kingship
Achaz |
16 |
|
2
Kings 18,2 |
Kingship
Hizkia |
29 |
|
2
Kings 21,2 |
Kingship
Manasse |
55 |
|
2
Kings 21,19 |
Kingship
Amon |
2 |
|
2
Kings 22,1 |
Kingship
Josia |
31 |
|
2
Kings 23,31 |
Kingship
Joachaz (rounded) |
0 |
|
2
Kings 23,36 |
Kingship
Jojakim |
11 |
|
2
Kings 24,8 |
Kingship
Jojakin
(rounded) |
0 |
|
2
Kings 24,11 |
Kingship
Sidkia |
11 |
|
2
Chronicles 36,21 |
Time
span Babylonian exile |
70 |
|
Ezra 3,8
|
End
exile - start rebuilding Temple (rounded)
|
2 |
|
Ezra 6,15
|
Time
span rebuilding Temple (rounded)
|
4 |
|
Total
(rounded) |
505 |
Revisions of the second biblical chronology
In the Epistle to Henry
II, it reads that the time span of the second biblical chronology is about 4173
years and 8 months:
…et ainsi par ceste
supputation que i’ay faicte colligee par les sacrees lettres sont
environ quatre mille cent septante trois ans, & huict moys peu ou
moins…
The
total time span of the time spans of the second biblical chronology, as
listed in the Epistle to Henry II, is 4092 years and 2 months, which is
81 years and 6 months less than the time span, mentioned at the end of
the second biblical chronology. The explanation for this difference has
to be sought in the periods Creation - Noah and Temple - Jesus.
According to
the second biblical chronology, the time span of the period Creation -
Noah is 1506 years, 450 years more than the time span of 1056 years,
resulting from Genesis. This difference is caused by a printer's error (cinq
cens instead of cinquante). After correcting this difference,
the time span in the second biblical chronology of the period Creation -
Start building Temple is 3152 years and 2 months. According to the
Epistle to Henry II, the time span of the period Creation - Jesus is
about 4173 years and 8 months. This means that according to the second
biblical chronology, the period Start building
Temple
-
3152 yr 2 mth).
In the second biblical chronology, it reads that the
period Temple - Jesus lasted 490 years. The questions are: in how many
periods has the period of 1021 years and 6 months been divided, what was
the time span of these periods and
what is the background of the figure 490.
a. Wöllner (1926)
Wöllner did not interpret the word
"Creation" as a reference to the creation of the world, but as
a reference to the creation of Adam. Basing himself upon time data in
Genesis 7,11, he assumes that the time span of the period Noah -
Outbreak Deluge has been 601 years.
According to
Wöllner, a time span of 490 years of the period Temple - Jesus is in
conflict with biblical science.
Wöllner supposed that the
numeral vingts (from quatre-vingts) in the text of the
period Exodus - Temple originates from the text of the period Temple -
Jesus. He assumed that in the latter text, the numeral mil
dropped out; the original numeral was, according to Wöllner, mil
vingts, 1020. The numerals quatre cens nonante ans in the
text of the period Temple - Jesus originate, according to him, from the
text in which the period Exodus - Temple is described.
According to Wöllner, the original text of the second biblical
chronology contained a.o. the following time data:
-
Adam -
Noah: mil cinquante et six ans
-
Exodus -
Temple: quatre
cens octante ou nonante ans
-
Temple -
Jesus: mil
vingt ans
In
the text which
finally was printed, it looked like this:
-
Creation
-
Noah: mil
cinq cens et six ans
-
Exodus -
Temple: quatre
cens octante ou quatre-vingts ans
-
Temple : quatre
cens nonante ans
In his revision
of the second biblical chronology, Wöllner supposed that originally, the
period Temple - Jesus consisted of only one period, which he estimated to have
lasted 1020 years. He estimated two time spans, 480 and 490 years, to the
period Exodus - Temple.[6]
b. Van Berkel (2005
[1986-88])
When in the '80's the
investigation began which in 2002 would result in the publishing of Nostradamus, astrologie en de Bijbel,
there were two editions of the Prophecies
at my disposal: the 1941-Vreede-translation (the first Dutch translation of
the Prophecies, made by prof. dr. mr. H. Houwens Post, also known as mr. dr. W.L. Vreede)
and Leoni's Nostradamus and his Prophecies (1982 [1961]).
Houwens Post wrote that he had based his translation upon an edition of the
Prophecies, published in Lyon in 1558. The publisher's introductory notes
emphasized this remark. It must be noted that the 1941-Vreede-translation does
not contain a bibliography, neither does it contain a complete, parallel
French source text.
In 1982, I compared the 1941-Vreede-translation with the French text in
Leoni's book. I observed that in the 1941-Vreede-translation the period Jacob
- Egypt - Exodus was phrased correctly, which was not the case in the French
text in Leoni's book. Next, I observed that in the 1941-Vreede-translation,
two time spans were mentioned regarding the period Exodus - Temple (480 and
490 years), whereas in the French text in Leoni's book only one time span
twice was mentioned (480 years) and that the time span of the period Temple -
Jesus was 1020 years (Leoni: 490 years). On the other hand, the time span of
the period Creation - Noah in the 1941-Vreede-translation was 1506 years, the
same as in the French text in Leoni's book. These observations brought me to
the supposition that Houwens Post used an edition of the Prophecies which was
different from the 1555-Bonhomme-edition (Bareste reprint), the Pierre Rigaud
edition (Le Pelletier reprint) and the 1605-edition, which Leoni had consulted
in order to compile a reliable French text. All differences seemed to be
caused by the fact that the source text, used by Houwens Post, was a
1558-Lyon-edition, an edition of which up until today no copy has been found.
In 1986-88, I started to verify the second biblical chronology with time data
in the Old Testament. The printer's error cinquante - cinq cens came
to light. Because of this, I could revise the second biblical chronology
without any problem regarding the time span of the period Temple - Jesus. In
the 1941-Vreede-translation, it read that this time span was 1020 years and my
point of view was that this time span originated from the 1558-Lyon-edition.
Basing myself upon the data and literature which were at my disposal at that
time, my assumption was that in the Epistle to Henry II which went into print,
an inadequate attempt was made to create a correlation between the time spans,
given in the second biblical chronology, and its total time span of 4173 years
and 8 months. Since the figure 1020 (Temple - Jesus) could not be related to
time data in the Old Testament, I supposed that this figure was replaced by
the figure 490, which originated from the text regarding the period Exodus -
Temple. Those who did this attempt, overlooked the printer's error cinquante
- cinq cens.
At the end of November 2003, I bought a copy of Amadou's L'astrologie de
Nostradamus - dossier (1992 [1987]), which included a.o. Wöllner's Das
Mysterium des Nostradamus.
At the beginning of 2004, my investigation of the 1941-Vreede-translation,
during which mr. Robert Benazra gave much help and advice, showed that the
French source text, used by Houwens Post, was not a 1558-Lyon-edition, but the
1927-Piobb-copy, a Xerox copy of the 1668-Amsterdam-edition, to which Piobb
added a copy of the Preface to Cesar, which carried the year 1558 as the year
of print. To my surprise, I also discovered that not the 1927-Piobb-copy, but
the 1926-Wöllner-translation was the source text of a number of phrases in
the Preface to Cesar and the Epistle to Henry II in the
1941-Vreede-translation. It turned out that Houwens Post translated the second
biblical chronology from the German translation, made by Wöllner in 1926,
with the peculiarity that in the 1941-Vreede-translation, the period Creation
- Noah lasted 1506 years. The inevitable conclusion was that the
1941-Vreede-translation was not founded upon a 1558-Lyon-edition.[7]
My
arithmetic findings regarding the second biblical chronology were not
contested by these new discoveries, but I no longer could maintain my ideas
about the origin of the figure 490.
The only thing I can say about
the time span of (rounded) 1022 years of the period Temple - Jesus is that it
points to a calculation, the result of which is more or less the same as the
results of other calculations. [8]
In a
chronology in Nostradamus'
Almanach pour l'an
M.D.LXVI
(1566),
titled
Les eages du monde selon la computation des Hébrieux,
it reads that the
period Temple - Babylonian exile lasted 474 years and the period Babylonian exile
- Jesus 613 years, an addition of these figures results in a total time span of
the period Temple - Jesus of 1087 years. Joseph Juste Scaliger (the son of
Jules-César Scaliger, with who Nostradamus was acquainted around 1533),
calculated that the period Temple - Jesus lasted 1014 years.[9]
In the Netherlands, present-day
editors of the Bible estimate the time span of the period Temple - Jesus to be
about 966 years.[10]
At the moment, I have no indication
that the period Temple - Jesus was divided into several periods and I have no
idea what is the source of the figure 490 in the text which finally went into
print.
According to
the second biblical chronology, the time span between the creation of the
world and the birth of Jesus is about 4173 years and 8 months. The birth of
Jesus is celebrated on December 25 (Christmas). If we take December 25 as day
of birth and subtract 4173
years and 8 months, the result is April 25, 4174 BC. I suppose that, according
to the second biblical chronology, the world was created around April 25, 4174
BC.
c. Brind'Amour (1993)
According to Brind'Amour, the
figure 490 originates from a disappeared line in the second biblical
chronology, in which the time span was described of the period between what he
calls the start of the building of the second Temple in Jerusalem in the
second year of the reign of Darius (the author of this article has named this
fact: the rebuilding of the Temple) and the birth of Jesus. He refers to 1
Esdras 1 in the case of time data regarding the start of the building of the
second Temple. In the case of the arithmetic background of the figure 490, he
refers to the custom of scholars to estimate 490 years by multiplying 70 (the
70 weeks, mentioned in Daniel 9,24) by 7.
Originally, according to Brind'Amour, in the second biblical chronology, the
period Temple - Jesus was divided in two periods: a period First Temple -
Second Temple (531 years) and a period Second Temple - Jesus (490 years).
Counting with 4173 years, he concludes that the period between the start of
the building of the first Temple under Salomo and the start of the building of
the second Temple under Darius lasted 531 years (1021 - 490). Brind'Amour
writes nothing about sources that might have been used to calculate the time
span of 531 years.[11]
Brind'Amours explanation of the presence of the number 490 raisis the question
if he simply derived the time span of the period First Temple - Second Temple
by subtracting 490 from 1021, without paying attention to time data, mentioned
in 1 and 2 Kings, 2 Chronicles and 1 Esdras (or parallel verses in Ezra 3 and
Ezra 6). The time data in these verses show that the period First Temple -
Second Temple lasted about 501 years, which is 30 years less than Brind'Amour
has supposed. A difference of 30 years with time data, given in the Old
Testament, is quite big, given the fact that in the second biblical
chronology, all periods except two almost perfectly match with biblical time
data, and that in the case of two periods the difference is quite small.
Compared with biblical time data, the time span of the Deluge is 50 days
longer and the time span of the period End Deluge - Abraham is 3 years longer.
Brind'Amour also does not discuss the difference between the time span of 474
years of the period Temple - Babylonian exile, mentioned in the Almanach pour l'an M.D.LXVI, and
the time span of 499 years, resulting from time data in 1 Kings, 2 Kings and 2
Chronicles.[12]
Table 5.
Revisions second biblical chronology
|
Period
|
Epistle Henri II
|
Wöllner
(1926) |
Van
Berkel
(2005 [1986-88]) |
Brind'Amour
(1993) |
|
Creation
-
Noah |
1506
|
1056
|
1056
|
1056 |
|
Noah - Ark |
600
|
601
|
600
|
600 |
Deluge |
1
|
1
|
1
|
1 |
|
End
Deluge -
Abraham |
295
|
295
|
295
|
295 |
|
Abraham -
Isaa c |
100
|
100
|
100
|
100 |
|
Isaa c
- Jacob |
60
|
60
|
60
|
60 |
|
Ja cob
-
Egypt |
130
|
130
|
130
|
130 |
|
Egypt - Exodus |
430
|
430
|
430
|
430 |
|
Exodus -
Temp le |
480
|
481
/ 491
|
480
|
480 |
|
Temple -
Jesus |
490
|
1020
|
1022
|
531 +
490 |
The second biblical chronology and the time structure
by which it is covered
In
the article in which the first
biblical chronology is discussed, it is assumed that this chronology is part
of a time structure, in which is supposed that the world was created in
4757/4758 BC. This time structure stretches out to 2242 AD, the year in
which the number of adversaries of Jesus Christ and his church increases
strongly.[13]
According to the second biblical
chronology, the world was created around April 25, 4174 BC. In the predictions
which come next to the second biblical chronology, there is an allusion to the
end of the biblical Kingdom of 1000 years, but this end is not dated. The
seventh millennium is mentioned in a series of predictions which run from 1792,
but the beginning of this millennium is not dated.
Counting from April 25, 4174 BC (the
assumed date on which the world was created, according to the second biblical
chronology), the seventh millennium begins around April 25, 1827 AD. This date
comes next to the year 1792, which is mentioned in the Epistle to Henry II.
Supposed that there have been
calculations regarding the date on which the biblical Kingdom of 1000 years
begins and the date on which it comes to an end, the questions are if these
dates can be calculated and what function this Kingdom has in the time structure
which covers the second biblical chronology.
In the Bible, several expectations about the last days of the world are
described. St. Paul for instance writes that when the command is given and the
voice of the Archangel sounds as well as Gods trumpet, God himself will come
down from heaven. Then, first all the dead will rise who are in Christ. Next, on
clouds, together with the first risen, the Christians will be carried away instantly to the Lord, in order to be with Him forever (1 Tess. 4,13-18). St. Paul also writes
that this Day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night (1 Tess. 5,1-2).
Another kind of expectation is written in Revelations
19,11 - 21,1. The beast and the false prophet are
burned alive in a fire pool, their followers are killed by the sword (Rev.
19,19-21). On Gods command, the dragon (Satan) is chained for one thousand years
and thrown into the abyss, in order to be released for a short time when the
thousand years have gone by (Rev. 20,1-3). The martyrs who died because of their
testimony of Jesus, arise from the dead (the so-called "first
resurrection") and rule with Him for a thousand years; the others who died
will not rise before the one thousand years have gone by (Rev. 20,4-6).
After the expiration of the one thousand years, Satan is released. He gathers
the people who live in the four corners of the earth (Gog and Magog) to fight
the heavenly armies. His fighters will be consumed by heavenly fire. Satan is
thrown into the fire pool and will remain there forever, together with the beast
and the false prophet (Rev. 20,7-10).
Next comes the Last Judgment. All dead people will arise; they will be judged
according to their acts. Death and underworld are thrown into the fire pool as
well as those whose name is not listed in the book of life (Rev. 20,11-15).
Next to the vision of the Last Judgment, the author of Revelations beholds a new
heaven and a new earth. The first heaven and the first earth are vanished, the
sea exists no longer. The author also beholds the new Jerusalem (Rev. 21,1-2).
In the Epistle to Henry II, some echoes of Rev. 20,1-7 are present:
-
Gods
command to chain Satan and to throw him into the abyss (Rev. 20,1-3);
-
a peace between God and men, which last for about one
thousand years (a paraphrase of Rev. 20,4-6);
-
the return of the Church to her greatest power (a
paraphrase of Rev. 20,6);
-
Satan's return when the period of one thousand years is
expired (Rev. 20,3 and 20,7).[14]
In quatrain 10-74, some echoes of Rev. 19,21-20,1-6 are
present:
Quatrain 10-74
|
Source
text:
facsimile-Chomarat-2000
An reuolu du grand nombre septiesme,
Apparoistra au temps Ieux d'Hacatombe,
Non esloigné du grand eage milliesme.
Que les entres sortiront de leur tombe.
Translation
(Van Berkel, 2005)
At the turn of the
great seventh number,
In this time will be the game of slaughter
Not far away from the great millennial age
When those who entered, leave their tombs. |
-
The
first line: the end of the seventh millennium.
-
The second line: the
death of the followers of the beast and the false prophet (Rev.
19,21). The word "Hecatombe" refers to the old-Greec
sacrifice of one hundred cows or, more generally, to a
great sacrifice of animals.[15]
In other words: a great slaughter, in this case of the followers
of the beast and the false prophet.
-
The
third line: the biblical Kingdom of one thousand years (Rev. 20,2-6).
-
The
fourth line: the first resurrection (Rev. 20,4-6).
The opinions
about the meaning of this quatrain are quite diverge, as is shown in the next
paragraphs, in which these opinions are arranged in order of their year of
publication.
According to Wöllner (1926), the fulfilment of this quatrain must be situated
around the completion of the great seventh number. He refers to the Era of the
hundred-fold sacrifice, which will not be far away from the great age of one
thousand years in which the buried will rise from their tombs. Basing himself
upon his time structures, he supposes that the words grand eage milliesme
point towards the year 3797 AD.[16]
He does not describe general or specific correspondences with the book of
Revelations.
According to Leoni (1961), this quatrain must be situated at the end of the time
span of all the Century quatrains. According to him, the clairvoyance which is
attributed to Nostradamus, stretches out until the resurrection of the dead at
the Last Judgment. He does not describe correspondences with specific verses in
the book of Revelations.[17]
Brind'Amour (1993) has written that the resurrection of the dead will take
place at the end of the seventh millennium, at the dawn of the eighth. Regarding
the words Ieux Hacatombe in the second line, he referred to the Olympic
Games which used to take place in the month Hecatombaion and concluded that the
events, described in quatrain 10-74, are expected to take place in mid-summer.
Brind'Amour has not described general or specific correspondences with verses in
the book of Revelations. His mentioning of the "resurrection of the
dead" does not make clear whether he refers to the first resurrection or
the resurrection at the time of the Last Judgment.[18]
According to my opinion, quatrain 10-74 can only be explained in a biblical
sense: a paraphrase of the death of the followers of the beast and the false
prophet with next the first resurrection and the biblical Kingdom of one
thousand years.
The seventh millennium and the
biblical Kingdom of one thousand years are the only millennia which are
discussed in the Epistle to Henry II. In this Epistle, not one allusion is made
to an eighth millennium. In the continuation of the second biblical chronology
(not in the continuation of the first biblical chronology), there are allusions
to the biblical Kingdom of one thousand years. The same phenomenon occurs in
quatrain 10-74. There, nothing is written about an eighth millennium, but there
are allusions to both the seventh millennium and the biblical Kingdom of one
thousand years.
Basing myself upon these observations, I assume that the second biblical
chronology and the biblical Kingdom of one thousand years are part of one and
the same time structure, which counts 8000 years. Next to the seventh millennium
comes the biblical Kingdom of one thousand years, as is implied in the third
line of quatrain 10-73. In this time structure, April 25, 4174 vChr is the date
on which the world was created.
In Rev. 21,1-2, it reads that heaven and earth will come to an end after the
execution of the Last Judgment, not at the beginning of the biblical Kingdom of
one thousand years. Because of this, I assume that according to the time
structure, to which the second biblical chronology seems to belong, the world
will come to an end at a certain moment after April 25, 3827 AD, the date upon
which the biblical Kingdom of one thousand years will come to an end. There is
no allusion in Revelations about the number of years between the release of
Satan and the Last Judgment. In the Epistle to Henry II, there are no allusions
to the Last Judgment and the preceding war; there is only an allusion to the
release of Satan. In other words: the time structure to which the second
biblical chronology seems to belong, runs from the creation of the world (April
25, 4174 BC) until the release of Satan after the ending of the biblical Kingdom
of one thousand years (April 25, 3827 AD). This
time structure is entirely different from the time structure to which the first
biblical chronology belongs, about which I suppose that it covers a time span of
7000 years. This time structure starts with the creation of Adam and ends with
the prediction that in 2242 there is a large increase of the number of
adversaries of Jesus Christ and his church.[19]
The possibility of hidden structures
In 1927 , P.V.
Piobb observed that in the first biblical chronology, the figure 621 occurs
more than once: the period Adam - Noah (1242 = 2 x 621) and the period Jesus -
foundation Islam (621). According to my assumption that the first biblical
chronology is part of a time structure of 7000 years which starts in 4757/4758
BC, it looks as if the figure 621 is emphasized once more, because there are
621 years between the foundation of the Islam in 621 AD and the beginning of
the seventh millennium in 1242 AD.[20]
According to my version of the
revised second biblical chronology, the time span of the period Creation -
Noah is 1056 years. The time span of the period Noah - Jacob is also 1056
years (600 + 1 + 295 + 100 + 60). This is caused by the fact that in the
second biblical chronology, the time span of the period End Deluge - Abraham is
295 years instead of 292 years as is shown in Genesis 11,10-26. The time span
of the period Jacob - Temple is 1040 years (130 + 430 + 480). The time span of
the period Temple - Jesus is about 1022 years (rounded). Does the second
biblical chronology contain a hidden structure of about 1050 years? For the
moment, I cannot answer this question.
De Meern,
the Netherlands, April 19, 2005
T.W.M. van Berkel
Notes
-
Scaliger,
section Chronicorum canonum omnimodiae historiae libri duo.
This section is a reconstruction of remains of the work by Eusebius.
Eusebius has presented several calculations regarding the past, such
as the Greec method, the Roman method, The Egyptian method and the
Hebrew method. The Greec method deals with the Septuagint.
The Hebrew method is based upon the Bible, as is the second biblical
chronology in the Epistle to Henry II. [text]
In
all editions, the time span of the periods is printed in numerals.
By coincidence, the printer's error cinquante - cinq cens
is also visible in the figures 1056 and 1506: it looks as if the
numbers 0 and 5 changed places. [text]
Brind'Amour
1993a, p.174; Wöllner, p.13, in: Amadou, p.316. Brind'Amour pays
attention to the figures 1506 and 1056; Wöllner also discusses the
words cinq cens and cinquante. [text]
Brind'Amour
1993a, p.175; Wöllner, p.13, in: Amadou, p.316. [text]
Wöllner
wrote that the period Exodus - Temple has two time spans: 480 years
and 6 months and 490 years and 6 months. He did not explain for what
reason he added the 6 months to this period. The time span of 490
years and 6 months is the result of his revision of the time span of
the period Temple - Jesus and his ideas about the moment on which
the Temple was inaugurated (Wöllner, p.13-14, in: Amadou,
p.316-317). [text]
Wöllner,
p.11-16, in: Amadou, p.315-318. He concludes that it was not
Nostradamus who used the numerals quatre-vingts, but
unfortunately he has not discussed the question who did.
In addition, the remark that Wöllner, who bases himself upon an
astrological time structure of periods which last 36 years, assumes
that the world has been created in 4220 BC. He observed echoes of
these 36-year periods in the Preface to Cesar, in the lines in which
Mars, the Moon, the Sun and Saturn are discussed (Wöllner, p.2-3, in: Amadou, p.311). [text]
See:
The 1941-Vreede-translation and the 1558-Lyon-edition. [text]
Brind'Amour
mentioned this fact because of his research on sources of the time
span of the period David - Jesus in the first biblical chronology.
He made supplementary calculations on the time span of 1060 years,
such as a reduction of Jesus' age at the beginning of His public
administration. At that time, according to these calculations, Jesus
was 28 years old (Brind'Amour 1993a, p.174).
According to Luke 3,23, Jesus' age at that time was 30. Taking this
into account, the time span of the period Beginning building Temple
- birth of Jesus would have been 1030 years. [text]
Scaliger,
section Isagogicorum chronologiae canonum libri tres, volume
2, section epochae temporis historici, p.124-127. According
to Scaliger, the building of the Temple started in the year 3696;
the birth of Jesus took place in the year 4710. This points to a
time span of 1014 years. [text]
Willibrord
translation, p.1761 and further. [text]
Brind'Amour
1993a, p.175-176. [text]
The chronology in the Almanach pour l'an
M.D.LXVI
does not show if calculations were done regarding the beginning of
the Babylonian exile or its end. [text]
See: The
first biblical chronology. [text]
See:
facsimile-Chomarat-2000, p.172: Dieu le createur dira entendant
l'affliction de son peuple, Satan sera mis & lyé dans l'abisme
du barathre dans la profonde sosse,&adoncques commencera entre
Dieu & les homme vne paix vniuerselle & demeurera lyé
enuiron l'espace de mille ans,&tournera en sa plus grande force,
la puissance ecclesiastique, & puis torne deslié. [text]
See: Microsoft Encarta® basisencyclopedie
Winkler Prins 2002. [text]
Wöllner, p.68, in:
Amadou, p.344. [text]
Leoni, p.751. [text]
Brind'Amour 1993a, p.195.
[text]
See: The
first biblical chronology. [text]
Piobb, p.15 and The
first biblical chronology. [text]
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